Epstein-Barr Virus (EPV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, spreads through bodily fluids and can lead to infectious mononucleosis (‘mono’) and other illnesses. Transmission EBV spreads through bodily fluids, including blood and semen, although primarily through saliva. The disease can also spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, sharing cutlery, crockery and personal […]
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What are Enterobacteriaceae? Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes a number of pathogens such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Proteus, Serratia and other species. These pathogens are present in the human intestinal tract and are a normal part of the gut flora. They are a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and some species can also
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What is Enteroviral Meningitis? Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (the tissue that covers the spinal cord and brain. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis (other causes are bacteria and fungi). The most common causes of viral meningitis are non-polio enteroviruses (called ‘enteroviruses’ or ‘coxsackie viruses’ or ‘echoviruses’). There are other
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What is Emergomycosis? Emergomycosis is a disease caused by the fungus Emergomyces (formerly called Emmonsia). Emergomyces is a thermally-dimorphic fungus meaning it grows as a thread-like mould in the environment and as a yeast (a single-celled fungus) when it causes human infections. This fungus causes disease in people with weakened immune systems worldwide especially those with HIV. It is possible
What is Emergomycosis? Emergomycosis is a disease caused by the fungus Emergomyces (formerly called Emmonsia). Emergomyces is a thermally-dimorphic fungus meaning it grows as a thread-like mould in the environment and as a yeast (a single-celled fungus) when it causes human infections. This fungus causes disease in people with weakened immune systems worldwide especially those with HIV. It is possible
What is Ebola virus disease (EVD)? Ebola virus disease (EVD) (previously known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever), is a severe, often fatal disease in humans and non-human primates. The disease is caused by infection with the Ebola virus. The disease was first recognized in 1976 when two outbreaks (near the Ebola River, Democratic Republic of Congo
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What is Cryptococcal disease? Cryptococcal disease is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus. The fungus is found worldwide in the environment in places such as decaying organic matter, trees, soil and bird droppings. The disease is mostly caused by two species of Cryptococcus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. People inhale the fungus from the air in the form of fungal spores. The
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What is Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever? CCHF is a zoonotic disease caused by the CCHF virus, a Nairovirus which is member of the Bunyaviridae family of viruses. CCHF virus is transmitted by argasid or ixodid ticks (i.e. hard ticks) which feed on a range of livestock including cattle, ostriches and wildlife including ungulates and hares.
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What is Congenital syphilis? Congenital Syphilis is a severe, disabling, and often life-threatening infection seen in infants. A pregnant mother who has syphilis can spread the disease through the placenta to the unborn infant. The causative agent of congenital syphilis is the spirochete, Treponema pallidum, which is passed from mother to child in-utero (vertical transmission).
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What is Corona Virus Disease (covid-19)? The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported on 31 December 2019 by the World Health Organization country office following a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the causative virus
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