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What is Cryptococcal disease? Cryptococcal disease is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus. The fungus is found worldwide in the environment in places such as decaying organic matter, trees, soil and bird droppings. The disease is mostly caused by two species of Cryptococcus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. People inhale the fungus from the air in the form of fungal spores. The […]

What is Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever?  CCHF is a zoonotic disease caused by the CCHF virus, a Nairovirus which is member of the Bunyaviridae family of viruses. CCHF virus is transmitted by argasid or ixodid ticks (i.e. hard ticks) which feed on a range of livestock including cattle, ostriches and wildlife including ungulates and hares.

What is Congenital syphilis? Congenital Syphilis is a severe, disabling, and often life-threatening infection seen in infants. A pregnant mother who has syphilis can spread the disease through the placenta to the unborn infant. The causative agent of congenital syphilis is the spirochete, Treponema pallidum, which is passed from mother to child in-utero (vertical transmission).

What is Corona Virus Disease (covid-19)? The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported on 31 December 2019 by the World Health Organization country office following a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the causative virus

What is Congenital rubella syndrome? Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a major complication of rubella infection. Rubella infection is caused by a togavirus of the genus rubivirus and it is usually a mild viral infection. The disease is characterized by a transient, mild maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, coryza (running nose), enlarged cervical lymph nodes, low-grade fever and nausea.

Code of Ethics for International Trade in Food Including Concessional and Food Aid Transactions (CAC RCP 20-1979) Code of Hygienic Practice for Aseptically Processed and Packaged Low-Acid Foods (CAC RCP 40-1993) Code of Hygienic Practice for Low and Acidified Low Acid Canned Foods (CAC RCP 23-1979) Code of Hygienic Practice for Low-Moisture Foods (CAC RCP

What is a Clostridium difficile infection? Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of nosocomial-associated gastrointestinal illness including self-limited diarrhoeal disease, pseudomembranous colitis and fatal toxic megacolon. C. difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus. It produces A (enterotoxin) and B (cytoxoin) toxins that cause disease. The organism is part of the normal flora of the human

What is Cholera? Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal in a matter of hours, even in previously healthy people. Most people exposed to the cholera bacterium (Vibrio cholerae) don’t become ill and never know they’ve been infected. Yet because

What is Chikungunya? Chikungunya virus, also referred to as chikungunya fever, is a viral disease transmitted to humans through infected mosquitos (mosquito-borne infection). Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from future infections. Symptoms Symptoms have been known to manifest with three to seven days after being bitten

What is Chickenpox? Chickenpox is an airborne and highly contagious infectious disease characterised by fever and a blister-like, itchy rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). A person of any age can contract chickenpox and it is a potentially serious disease when it occurs in babies, adolescents, adults, women are pregnant, and people with compromised immune